Chase's+Journal

Manoa Stream Manoa stream has a wide diversity of wildlife. The area has lots of bushy weeds and California grass but there are also beautiful ti leaf plants and small flowers. With some of the blades of California grass you can see some holes in them, also some blades have white flies on their blades. That is a good example of predation the white flies are taking in all the benefit and the blades of grass are dying getting eaten up. Also living in the stream there is an abundant amount of small fast moving fish, with the occasional sighting of a Crayfish hiding under big rocks. Some abiotic factors are defiantly the rocks in the stream. They provide excellent cover and a place to live in the stream. If there were no rocks then no fish would live in that area of the stream. One of the biggest and most obvious abiotic factors in that area has to be the bridge because there is so much shade and protection from the sun. The wildlife in the stream would more likely to live in an area with lots of rocks, overgrowing bushes and a bridge that provides lots of shade for all of the wildlife. When I visited the stream I immediately went to the water and I saw the most of the fish near or under the bridge hiding under the rocks or close to them. Also the only place where I could find a Crayfish was under huge rocks that provided lots of protection to ensure their survival in the wild. When you see the wildlife in the area you see nothing very interesting but if you walk around ground zero you can actually see some bird footprints and the plants with holes in them. This place would be good to study because it has so much life and is so alive. You can write so much about all the different kinds of predation the small fish eating the algae; the crayfish eat the dead fish and the plants getting eaten away on the land. You can also get really close and sometimes catch some of the animals in the water so it will make studying this area even easier then just observing from a distance.

One of the examples of the wildlife in the area happen to be the fish they live in the shade of the bridge or under some small rocks or leaves that have sunk to the bottom. These fish have lots of algae in there habitat and I have seen some of them with there head down moving there mouth so I thin that that is there main food source. One more predator to the fish is the crayfish; they prey of the dead fish. They live close by the small fish under huge rocks and by the upper side of the stream. So they live relatively close to the niche of the small fish. I have came once before and I have seen a crayfish eating one of the small fish so I think that is their main food source in their niche. As moved higher up the stream getting my feet wet I have found the California grass with holes in the lower blades. The as I moved my eyes up higher I have found some white flies or some thing that seemed to be eating on the blades of grass. This is an example of predation the flies have everything to gain such as a place to live and an abundance of leaves to eat. Also one hard to spot animal that may be arriving in the stream may by some kind of bird. The prints had a 3-pronged shape to them as the y walk along the bushes maybe looking for an insect to eat or maybe get a drink from the stream. This may look like a boring place but it had many examples of predation.

sction 2

Animal Life Assigned JOurnal In my trip back to Manoa stream I have found that the fish live very close by the branches, leaves and the rocks in the middle of the stream. Not many fish live by the side of the stream, I was wondering why they prefer the middle of the stream. I think that they like the middle of the stream because the predators may live under the big rocks on the side of the stream. The different species in the stream stay to there own little niche in the stream. One of the reasons why I think the crayfish also stay close to the edge of the stream is to keep hidden from being captured by humans or any of the elements such as the current, rain and UV rays. Also there were some berries connected some leaves in the middle of the stream maybe suggesting that the small fish may eat the berries. So my question would be where do they small fish get their food from. I would also think that the small fish can feed on the plentiful amount of algae on the rocks and some leaves. Who else would prey of the small fish in the middle of the stream? So I would think that they would stay in the middle because the birds that often fly down to the stream would not pick them up and eat them. The only problem with that is the ducks that are usually there in big numbers swim in the middle of the stream. So the ducks mite be eating the fish, the fish might be too fast and escape from the ducks mouth. The crayfish in the pond also stay under the rocks for protection from the bigger birds. The ducks also spend half of the time swimming in the water or resting on the side of the stream. If you went to manoa stream you would also see that father down the stream there is very little life, so why is the life always up the stream. I think that the life is farther up the stream because there is so much shade and much more things in the landscape. The variety of the plants were very small because it seems that the area has been cut while the upper part is wild. The tall plants and the wild growth makes it a great place for the animal life to live in.

Free Journal The fish in the stream have some obvious heritable variations. A couple of the variations would be a stronger fast tail to help them escape from their predators. The brownish skin color in the fish helps them to camoflauge in the surrounding environment such as the leaves in the water. I think that they have really big eyes I think that would help them see the crayfish preying n them. One other animal in the water such as the crayfish has also adapted and one of them is the hard shell it helps them from getting chewed and attacked from the big birds. The very large claws also help them to catch the fish and secure them with that huge claw. The large bulbish eyes help the crayfish to catch the small fish. The ducks in the pond have the huge beak to also try and catch the small fast fish with ease. The ducks have the ability to go on land or water that is an advantage so that the duck can rest. The animals in the stream are very good at using the surrounds around them to hunt and survive in the wild. It seems that all of the water animals are all small so they have a knack for having some kind of camoflauge characteristic. The maybe bigger animals such as the crayfish or duck have the characteristics of a predator as they have huge mouths or huge claws. The birds that fly in to the stream not the ducks also have some kind of characteristics one is the sharp beak that is used to pick out the fish in the water. They are not as good as the ducks though. They have a sort of grayish brownish color so I imagine that it helps them blend into the environment. I think that the small fish in the pond have the advantage in the stream because they are so small, fast and cmoflauged in the environment that they are hard to catch. The food supply for them is also almost unlimited. The only problem for them is their niche is rite in the middle of the stream and the strong current goes through that area. That is why they like to use the leaves and small rocks around them to rest and use as shelter against the current and the big birds in the wild.

3rd On my third visit to my eco place the wild life seemed to be more active and present. I thik that the difference was last time I visited there was a slight rain drizzling down and this time it was a perfect shinny day. The ducks seemed to be way more relaxed, they we living up stream again and half were swimming and splashing water in the stream and the other half about 10 of them were sitting on the dirt under the shade of the tall California grass. The two crayfish that I have found seemed to move really close to the bridge almost under the bridges cover and they had a little more bright red color. I think that because it was such a nice sunny day most of the animals moved closer to the bridge or a place where there is lots of shade for example the tree. The fish also seemed to be feeding closer to the bridge and hiding under the small rocks and leaves. It seems that even though it is a nice day out on the stream the animal life in the stream want to live in the sun, but also be cool under the shade. The plants out on the stream might have something to do with the moving of the animals because the plants by the bridge and up stream are very tall and wild while the plant life down stream looks like someone has cut the grass and pulled out the trees. Also the animal life might have moved up the stream because the rocks in the middle of the stream seemed to be rearranged and made into a bridge for someone to walk across. So lots of the leaves and twigs got caught up in the line f rocks and was unable to move and flow downstream. It created a dam and the fish seemed to float around that area. They were still living under the leaves and the small rocks. So I saw much of the population start from the dam all the way to the end of the bridge on the up stream side. One other unusual addition to the animal life at the stream was a very strange looking toad sitting on the other side of the stream under the bridge shade and it mite have been looking for a meal maybe some insects. I have never seen a toad there so I assume that they came from up stream. Some of my hypothesis If I remove some of the larger rocks down stream then the crayfish will move with the rocks. If the leaves were taken out of the stream then the fish would move under the bridge. If the little rocks are gone then the fish will move under the bridge.

The fourth time I visited the eco place my environment seemed to be the same sunny day with lots of heat coming down. I went down the first day and there was only 5 ducks this time and I havnt seen any come more down the stream. I also did not see any toads, I have seen lots of movement in the rocks. The rocks were not in a line formation, but more like a grouping of them on the near side of the stream. So I moved them down the stream and in the process of moving them down the stream I have seen the crayfish running away. In total I moved 12 rocks and I spread them out along side the middle and near side of the stream. I saw 6 crayfish running from under the rocks when I moved them. So I stated that if I move the big rocks then the crayfish would follow. When I came back a week later my rocks were still there and when I turned them over all 12 of them I only seen 2. So I went back up the stream and looked under small medium sized rocks and found 3 crayfish under them. In conclusion I think that my hypothesis is wrong because moving the biggest rocks with the most amount of crayfish under them they did not follow. So I think that they stay where they are because they feed on the small fish. Temperature 1st Visit 82˚F 2nd visit 76˚F 3rd Visit 80˚F

Number of Crayfish under 12 rocks 1st Visit 8 2nd visit 3 3rd Visit 2